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1. 1. A region has many analysed dog remains while another has few. What must a historical map account for?

   A region has many analysed dog remains while another has few. What must a historical map account for?

   The certainty that dogs never lived in the less sampled region Unequal sampling and preservation The assumption that all regions were studied equally

2. 2. Why can an ancient dog's fish-rich diet matter when dating its bones?

   Why can an ancient dog's fish-rich diet matter when dating its bones?

   Eating fish turns a dog into a different species Diet proves the exact day the dog died Aquatic food sources can affect the apparent radiocarbon age

3. 3. Human and dog remains show comparable dietary clues at a site. Which interpretation is reasonable?

   Human and dog remains show comparable dietary clues at a site. Which interpretation is reasonable?

   Conclude the dog belonged to one named person Investigate possible food sharing alongside other evidence Conclude they ate identical meals every day

4. 4. What can dietary isotopes in ancient bones help researchers investigate?

   What can dietary isotopes in ancient bones help researchers investigate?

   The dog's favourite named recipe The exact menu for every day of its life Broad patterns in the foods an animal consumed

5. 5. Why analyse an old specimen already stored in a museum?

   Why analyse an old specimen already stored in a museum?

   Only objects excavated this year have scientific value Stored specimens automatically become younger New methods may reveal evidence not available when it was excavated

6. 6. The 2026 European study could classify 141 of 216 sampled remains by ancestry. What follows for the others?

   The 2026 European study could classify 141 of 216 sampled remains by ancestry. What follows for the others?

   They were not all automatically proved to be wolves They must all have been wolves They must all have been the oldest dogs

7. 7. Dogor, a preserved young canid from Siberia, looked difficult to classify. What did the 2022 genomic analysis identify?

   Dogor, a preserved young canid from Siberia, looked difficult to classify. What did the 2022 genomic analysis identify?

   A wolf A modern sled-dog breed A fox

8. 8. A report gives a calibrated date range for a dog bone. Why not replace it with one supposedly exact day?

   A report gives a calibrated date range for a dog bone. Why not replace it with one supposedly exact day?

   Every bone is precisely dated to its discovery day The range expresses dating uncertainty Researchers forgot to choose the most attractive date

9. 9. What kind of ancestry is especially traced by mitochondrial DNA in the 2025 Americas study?

   What kind of ancestry is especially traced by mitochondrial DNA in the 2025 Americas study?

   Only paternal lineages Every ancestor equally across the entire genome Maternal lineages

10. 10. Which question does radiocarbon dating of suitable bone material help answer?

    Which question does radiocarbon dating of suitable bone material help answer?

    Which modern breed name it would have When the animal lived Whether it obeyed a particular command

11. 11. Two ancient canids share genetic ancestry. Must one be the direct parent of the other?

    Two ancient canids share genetic ancestry. Must one be the direct parent of the other?

    Yes, especially if they were found in different centuries No, shared ancestry can reflect a wider population relationship Yes, any genetic similarity proves parenthood

12. 12. Why compare dog remains with the tools and archaeological context found around them?

    Why compare dog remains with the tools and archaeological context found around them?

    To assume every nearby object belonged to the dog To understand which human communities and periods they were associated with To replace all dating and genetic work

13. 13. Why compare ancient DNA with reference data from both dogs and wolves?

    Why compare ancient DNA with reference data from both dogs and wolves?

    To assign its owner a nationality To infer its exact coat from the find location alone To assess which ancestry patterns the specimen shares

14. 14. Why calibrate a radiocarbon measurement before presenting a calendar date?

    Why calibrate a radiocarbon measurement before presenting a calendar date?

    All uncalibrated measurements already equal calendar years exactly Calibration identifies the dog's owner Atmospheric radiocarbon levels have varied over time

15. 15. An older article gives a younger age for the earliest genetically confirmed dog than a 2026 study. What should you check?

    An older article gives a younger age for the earliest genetically confirmed dog than a 2026 study. What should you check?

    Publication dates, specimens and the kind of evidence being compared Whether the larger age must always be wrong Which headline sounds more confident

16. 16. What is the value of combining genetics, dating and archaeological context?

    What is the value of combining genetics, dating and archaeological context?

    They address different parts of the same historical question They guarantee that no uncertainty can remain They are three names for one identical measurement

17. 17. A genetically identified dog lived about 15,800 years ago. What does that establish about domestication?

    A genetically identified dog lived about 15,800 years ago. What does that establish about domestication?

    It had occurred by then, but the specimen need not mark its beginning It began on the animal's exact birth date No dog could have existed earlier

18. 18. Why can distinguishing an early dog skeleton from a wolf skeleton be difficult?

    Why can distinguishing an early dog skeleton from a wolf skeleton be difficult?

    Wolves have no bones preserved in archaeological sites Their skeletal features can be very similar Every dog always has a visibly smaller skull

19. 19. An illustration shows the first wolf approaching a camp. How should you read it?

    An illustration shows the first wolf approaching a camp. How should you read it?

    As a reconstruction of a possible scenario, not a photograph of a proven event As direct evidence of one documented encounter As proof that every detail happened exactly that way

20. 20. In radiocarbon reporting, what reference year does BP use?

    In radiocarbon reporting, what reference year does BP use?

    1950 The year the specimen entered a museum The year you read the report