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1. 1. Example: a label gives 4,000 kcal/kg. How many kcal does 100 g supply?

   Example: a label gives 4,000 kcal/kg. How many kcal does 100 g supply?

   40 kcal 4,000 kcal 400 kcal

2. 2. You want to find the listed protein and fat percentages. Which section is most relevant?

   You want to find the listed protein and fat percentages. Which section is most relevant?

   The brand's slogan Analytical constituents The flavour name

3. 3. An online shop shows only the front of a food bag. What is missing for a useful assessment?

   An online shop shows only the front of a food bag. What is missing for a useful assessment?

   A larger brand logo The detailed label and feeding information More photos of dogs eating

4. 4. One food has your preferred ingredient listed first. What can you conclude about the whole diet?

   One food has your preferred ingredient listed first. What can you conclude about the whole diet?

   Its nutrient balance must be superior That fact alone cannot establish overall quality It must meet every dog's needs

5. 5. What does crude ash in an analytical declaration refer to?

   What does crude ash in an analytical declaration refer to?

   Fireplace ash added for bulk The mineral residue measured by analysis The amount of burnt meat in the bag

6. 6. Example: a food supplies 100 kcal per 100 g. How much does a 150 g pouch provide?

   Example: a food supplies 100 kcal per 100 g. How much does a 150 g pouch provide?

   150 kcal 15 kcal 100 kcal regardless of pouch size

7. 7. You cannot find calorie information for a food. What is a useful next step?

   You cannot find calorie information for a food. What is a useful next step?

   Assume all dry foods have identical calories Estimate it from the bag's colour Ask the manufacturer for energy information

8. 8. A company claims a special health benefit. What strengthens an assessment of that claim?

   A company claims a special health benefit. What strengthens an assessment of that claim?

   Only enthusiastic testimonials Only a premium price Relevant research on the diet and a discussion with the vet

9. 9. Which question gives useful information about a food company?

   Which question gives useful information about a food company?

   Who formulates the diet and what are their qualifications? Which bag colour sells best? Which celebrity likes the packaging?

10. 10. Why is choosing food only by a fashionable ingredient a weak comparison?

    Why is choosing food only by a fashionable ingredient a weak comparison?

    Dogs need a balanced supply of nutrients A fashionable ingredient replaces all quality checks An unfamiliar ingredient always means poor nutrition

11. 11. Two foods have the same listed protein percentage. Does that prove they are nutritionally interchangeable?

    Two foods have the same listed protein percentage. Does that prove they are nutritionally interchangeable?

    No, the rest of the formulation and suitability still matter Yes, their calories must also match Yes, all other information becomes irrelevant

12. 12. Arithmetic example: 100 g of food contains 75 g water. How much dry matter remains?

    Arithmetic example: 100 g of food contains 75 g water. How much dry matter remains?

    25 g 75 g 175 g

13. 13. A label groups ingredients under a category rather than naming every item. What is sensible if details matter medically?

    A label groups ingredients under a category rather than naming every item. What is sensible if details matter medically?

    Assume the category contains only one ingredient Ask the manufacturer and treating vet for clarification Use the front flavour name as a complete ingredient list

14. 14. Example: a food has 10 g protein in 25 g dry matter. What is its protein percentage on a dry-matter basis?

    Example: a food has 10 g protein in 25 g dry matter. What is its protein percentage on a dry-matter basis?

    40% 10% 2.5%

15. 15. When investigating a manufacturer's reliability, which evidence is useful?

    When investigating a manufacturer's reliability, which evidence is useful?

    The size of the logo How finished products are tested and quality controlled The number of attractive photos on the website

16. 16. A label lists added vitamins under additives. What does this illustrate?

    A label lists added vitamins under additives. What does this illustrate?

    Additives can have nutritional roles All listed additives are unnecessary fillers Every additive is an artificial colour

17. 17. A table says grams per day. What should you check before using it for each meal?

    A table says grams per day. What should you check before using it for each meal?

    How that daily total is divided in the feeding plan Whether the grams refer to the empty bowl Whether the total can be repeated at every meal

18. 18. On a European pet food label, where would you normally look for the ingredients?

    On a European pet food label, where would you normally look for the ingredients?

    Composition The feeding table alone Analytical constituents

19. 19. Why can fresh meat appear high in an ingredient list partly because of water?

    Why can fresh meat appear high in an ingredient list partly because of water?

    Ingredients are ranked by weight including their water The list is ordered by digestibility Only dry protein weight determines the order

20. 20. A wet and a dry food show different protein percentages. What must you consider before comparing them?

    A wet and a dry food show different protein percentages. What must you consider before comparing them?

    Their different water contents Only the price per package Only the larger printed number