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1. 1. In Bray and colleagues' 2021 puppy study, what did a pointing gesture indicate?

   In Bray and colleagues' 2021 puppy study, what did a pointing gesture indicate?

   A location containing a hidden food reward The spelling of a toy name The age of another puppy

2. 2. What made the dogs' condition notable in Berns and colleagues' 2012 MRI study?

   What made the dogs' condition notable in Berns and colleagues' 2012 MRI study?

   They were asleep under anaesthesia They were running inside the scanner They were awake and physically unrestrained

3. 3. Which two kinds of information were paired in Albuquerque and colleagues' 2016 emotion experiment?

   Which two kinds of information were paired in Albuquerque and colleagues' 2016 emotion experiment?

   Written words and maps Odours and footprints Faces and vocalisations

4. 4. Bailey selected novel items by exclusion but initially failed when choosing between the newly named items. What matters here?

   Bailey selected novel items by exclusion but initially failed when choosing between the newly named items. What matters here?

   All earlier retrievals were meaningless Exclusion success need not prove a lasting name–object link No dog can learn object names

5. 5. Why test Bailey with unfamiliar speakers as well as her owner?

   Why test Bailey with unfamiliar speakers as well as her owner?

   To test visual reading To check recognition across voices To measure hearing distance outdoors

6. 6. Which breed was Bailey, studied by Griebel and Oller in 2012?

   Which breed was Bailey, studied by Griebel and Oller in 2012?

   Siberian Husky Border Collie Yorkshire Terrier

7. 7. A 2022 reanalysis challenged a 2021 dog–wolf comparison after accounting for rearing conditions. What does this illustrate?

   A 2022 reanalysis challenged a 2021 dog–wolf comparison after accounting for rearing conditions. What does this illustrate?

   Interpretations can depend on environmental differences All observations must be discarded Reanalysis creates new animals

8. 8. The first Berns awake-MRI paper involved two dogs. What does that number counsel?

   The first Berns awake-MRI paper involved two dogs. What does that number counsel?

   A complete population census Certainty about every breed Caution about generalising to all dogs

9. 9. What did Bailey's study add to the earlier Rico debate?

   What did Bailey's study add to the earlier Rico debate?

   An additional test of associations between newly named objects Proof that object retrieval is impossible A test of reading novels

10. 10. A headline says the 2016 face-and-voice study proves dogs read every thought. Which wording is more accurate?

    A headline says the 2016 face-and-voice study proves dogs read every thought. Which wording is more accurate?

    Dogs matched emotional cues in the experiment Dogs knew all participants' memories Dogs translated silent sentences

11. 11. How were the dogs prepared for stillness in the 2012 awake-MRI study?

    How were the dogs prepared for stillness in the 2012 awake-MRI study?

    Skipping all preparation Physical immobilisation during learning Positive reinforcement

12. 12. Why compare baseline and stress samples from the same person in the 2022 odour study?

    Why compare baseline and stress samples from the same person in the 2022 odour study?

    To separate condition changes from differences between people To teach the person's name To compare dog breeds by appearance

13. 13. Which dog featured in Kaminski, Call and Fischer's 2004 word-learning paper?

    Which dog featured in Kaminski, Call and Fischer's 2004 word-learning paper?

    Laika Bailey Rico

14. 14. Does success with stress odour samples certify every pet as a diagnostic tool?

    Does success with stress odour samples certify every pet as a diagnostic tool?

    Yes, without further evaluation No, it shows discrimination under the tested conditions Yes, for every medical condition

15. 15. Rico heard an unfamiliar label among familiar toys and a new object. What process did the researchers investigate?

    Rico heard an unfamiliar label among familiar toys and a new object. What process did the researchers investigate?

    Reading printed letters Following a scent trail Selection by exclusion

16. 16. Did the 2016 face-and-voice experiment test only human expressions?

    Did the 2016 face-and-voice experiment test only human expressions?

    Yes, only human smiles No, it also used dog expressions No, it used only cats

17. 17. What behavioural measure helped assess matching in the 2016 face-and-voice experiment?

    What behavioural measure helped assess matching in the 2016 face-and-voice experiment?

    How far dogs ran How long dogs looked at each face How much food dogs ate

18. 18. Why include trials without a social cue in Bray's puppy pointing study?

    Why include trials without a social cue in Bray's puppy pointing study?

    To check whether smell alone explained finding food To measure adult obedience titles To remove all food from the study

19. 19. Does Rico's object retrieval establish that every dog understands human conversation?

    Does Rico's object retrieval establish that every dog understands human conversation?

    Yes, without any learning No, the finding concerns a particular task and dog Yes, including abstract conversations

20. 20. Which material did Wilson and colleagues use in their 2022 human-stress odour study?

    Which material did Wilson and colleagues use in their 2022 human-stress odour study?

    Recordings of footsteps Written stress diaries alone Combined breath and sweat samples